The leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania infantum, endemic in many Mediterranean areas such as the Costa Brava. It is transmitted exclusively through the bite of a mosquito, which is mainly active at dusk and during the night, and therefore is not spread by direct contact between animals.

It mainly affects dogs, which are the primary reservoir of the disease, although cats (and humans) can also become infected, usually in a milder or less frequent way. The incubation period varies and can range from months to years. Clinical signs depend on the animal’s immune response and include progressive weight loss, lethargy, lymphadenopathy, skin lesions (exfoliative dermatitis, ulcers), onychogryphosis (abnormal nail growth), epistaxis (nosebleeds) and, in advanced stages, kidney failure.

If we suspect that something is wrong with our dog, regardless of whether we have observed any of the symptoms mentioned, we should visit our veterinary clinic for a physical examination. If compatible signs are detected, a blood test is recommended, and a “rapid test” can determine whether antibodies against Leishmania are present. If the result is positive, further serological testing and a proteinogram are performed to assess the stage of the disease and the animal’s overall health. Depending on the severity of the symptoms, parasite load and organ involvement, treatment will vary; nowadays, it is a disease that can be managed with long-term medication, allowing for a good quality of life.

Prevention is key: the use of repellent collars or spot-on treatments, annual vaccination and regular blood tests significantly reduce the risk and allow for early detection, which is essential for a better prognosis.

At Hospital Veterinari Costa Brava, we are by your side to help prevent, detect and manage this disease. We care for your pet as if it were our own, because their health and wellbeing are also our priority.